QATAR’S MEDIATION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF DRC–RWANDA

Abstract

This thesis examines Qatar’s mediation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda conflict as a case study of small-state diplomacy in a changing international order. As global power becomes more diffuse, smaller states are increasingly active in international mediation, a role traditionally dominated by major powers and international organizations. The study asks how Qatar builds diplomatic credibility, what explains its relative success where previous mediation efforts failed, and what its engagement signals for African diplomacy and global power dynamics. Using a qualitative case-study methodology, the thesis draws on scholarly literature, policy reports, official statements, and credible international reporting. The analysis integrates three perspectives—small-state diplomacy, mediation theory, and Islamic diplomatic ethics—to examine Qatar’s credibility as a mediator, the factors shaping its role, and the wider significance of its engagement beyond the immediate case. The thesis argues that Qatar’s mediation reflects a form of niche diplomacy through which a small state leverages neutrality, diplomatic credibility, and economic resources to expand its international influence. Rather than relying on coercive power, Qatar positions itself as a facilitative intermediary capable of convening dialogue between rival actors. Its effectiveness rests on political flexibility, reputational neutrality, and the ability to engage conflicting parties outside more polarized regional frameworks. At the same time, Qatari mediation operates within a normative discourse informed by Islamic ethical concepts such as ṣulḥ (reconciliation), ʿadl (justice), and maṣlaḥa (public interest), which coexist with strategic motivations rather than replacing them. Keywords: Qatar; mediation; small-state diplomacy; niche diplomacy; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Rwanda; DRC–Rwanda conflict; M23; Great Lakes region; Gulf–Africa relations; Islamic diplomatic ethics; ṣulḥ; ʿadl; maṣlaḥa; conflict resolution; multipolar order.

Date of Award	2026
Original language	American English
Awarding Institution	HBKU College of Islamic Studies