MEDIATION AS A SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL NORMATIVITY: QATAR’S ROLE IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAW

Abstract

The present research examines Qatar's mediatory engagements in three selected conflicts: those in Afghanistan (2010-2021), Yemen (2008), and Lebanon (2008) to understand how Qatar has carried out its mediatory process. By employing the theory of international political normativity, developed by Bantekas and Akestoridi, the research aimed to examine how Qatar fosters and reinforces normative change in international politics and how mediating agreements can support such changes. By analysing the normative commitments enshrined in the Constitution of Qatar and the role it assumes as a mediator, the study demonstrated that the mediatory strategy of Qatar is grounded in an institutionalized obligation to act as a fair, impartial, and proactive mediator. Constitutional reforms introduced in 2024 strengthened these commitments, reinforcing Qatar’s pursuit of balanced international relations and durable peace agreements. Through case studies of Yemen, Lebanon, and Afghanistan, the research found that Qatar has consistently sought to promote international mediation as a tool for advancing international law objectives, particularly that of the UN Charter, seeking to promote normative values such as impartiality and political dialogue. This thesis uncovered that the 2008 Doha Agreement on Lebanon has been the most significant mediatory achievement of Qatar, as the country was able to secure a quick resolution of the dispute and support long-term stability through mechanisms such as the Lebanese National Dialogue and targeted cross-sectarian humanitarian assistance. In Afghanistan, Qatar demonstrated exceptional diplomatic agility by facilitating negotiations between the Taliban and the United States, resulting in a comprehensive agreement addressing sanctions, troop withdrawal, counterterrorism, and political cooperation. In contrast, Qatar’s mediation in Yemen highlighted the limitations small states face, as the agreement failed to produce enduring peace due to the entrenched mistrust between the parties. Nonetheless, the three case studies highlight how Qatar can promote political normativity through its mediatory engagements.

Date of Award	2026
Original language	American English
Awarding Institution	HBKU College of Law