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Validation of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen-2 (CATS-2) in a Turkish clinical sample: psychometric properties across ICD-11 and DSM-5 frameworks

  • Rana Selin Kucukardali*
  • , Beyza Nur Karal
  • , Afife Özkal
  • , Seher Merve Erus
  • , Vahdet Görmez
  • , Abdurrahman Cahid Orengul
  • *Corresponding author for this work
  • Marmara University
  • Ministry of Health, Turkey
  • Istanbul University
  • Yildiz Technical University

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Early identification of posttraumatic symptoms in children and adolescents is essential for timely intervention. The Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen-2 (CATS-2) is a brief, freely accessible instrument that simultaneously assesses DSM-5 PTSD, ICD-11 PTSD, and ICD-11 complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms across child and caregiver report forms. Cross-cultural validation of the CATS-2 in underrepresented settings remains limited. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish CATS-2 in a clinical sample.Method: Participants were 196 children and adolescents referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD diagnoses were established through clinician-administered assessments. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, child-caregiver agreement, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), known-groups validity, and diagnostic accuracy were examined.Results: The CATS-2C showed good to excellent internal consistency (alpha=.81-.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC = .86-.90). CFA supported a two-factor correlated model of ICD-11 PTSD and disturbances in self-organization (DSO), and the DSM-5 four-factor model, for both forms. The CATS-2C showed strong convergent validity (r = .79-.89) and negligible associations with externalizing symptoms (r = .08-.12, ns). Known-groups validity was excellent for the CATS-2C (eta & sup2; = .48-.58) but limited for the CATS-2P (eta & sup2; = .076-.119). Diagnostic accuracy was good to excellent for the CATS-2C (AUC = .868-.947) and poor to acceptable for the CATS-2P (AUC = .606-.735), all subscales significant. Optimal CATS-2C cut-offs against clinician ICD-11 diagnoses were >= 7 for ICD-11 PTSD (sensitivity = 84%, specificity = 78%), >= 17 for ICD-11 CPTSD (93%, 85%), and >= 30 for DSM-5 PTSD (85%, 89%). Child-caregiver agreement was poor (ICC = .259-.344).Conclusions: The Turkish CATS-2C demonstrated sound psychometric properties, supporting its use as a reliable screening tool in child and adolescent mental health settings. The CATS-2P showed acceptable structural validity and internal consistency but more limited diagnostic discrimination, underscoring the importance of directly assessing symptoms from the child. These findings contribute preliminary evidence regarding ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD constructs in an underrepresented, middle-income clinical setting.Trial registration:Antecedentes: La identificaci & oacute;n temprana de los s & iacute;ntomas postraum & aacute;ticos en ni & ntilde;os y adolescentes es esencial para una intervenci & oacute;n oportuna. El Cuestionario de Tamizaje de Trauma para Ni & ntilde;os y Adolescentes 2 (CATS-2, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s) es un instrumento breve y de libre acceso que eval & uacute;a simult & aacute;neamente los s & iacute;ntomas del Trastorno de Estr & eacute;s Postraum & aacute;tico (TEPT) seg & uacute;n el DSM-5 y la CIE-11 y el Trastorno de Estr & eacute;s Postraum & aacute;tico Complejo (TEPT-C) seg & uacute;n la CIE-11, mediante formularios de autorreporte para ni & ntilde;os y adolescentes y los cuidadores. La validaci & oacute;n transcultural del instrumento CATS-2 en contextos poco representados sigue siendo limitada. Este estudio examin & oacute; las propiedades psicom & eacute;tricas de la versi & oacute;n turca del CATS-2 en una muestra cl & iacute;nica.M & eacute;todo: Los participantes fueron 196 ni & ntilde;os y adolescentes referidos a una consulta ambulatoria de psiquiatr & iacute;a infantil y del adolescente. Los diagn & oacute;sticos de TEPT y TEPT-C seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 se establecieron mediante evaluaciones administradas por cl & iacute;nicos. Se examinaron la consistencia interna, la fiabilidad test-retest, la validez convergente y discriminante, la concordancia entre el ni & ntilde;o y el cuidador, el an & aacute;lisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s), la validez de grupos conocidos y la precisi & oacute;n diagn & oacute;stica.Resultados: El instrumento CATS-2C mostr & oacute; una consistencia interna de buena a excelente (alpha = .81-.94) y una fiabilidad test-retest elevada (ICC = .86-.90). El CFA respald & oacute;, para ambas versiones, un modelo correlacionado de dos factores correspondiente al TEPT seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 y las Alteraciones en la Autoorganizaci & oacute;n (DSO, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s), as & iacute; como el modelo de cuatro factores del TEPT seg & uacute;n el DSM-5. El CATS-2C mostr & oacute; una fuerte validez convergente (r = .79-.89) y asociaciones insignificantes con s & iacute;ntomas externalizantes (r = .08-.12, no significativas). La validez de grupos conocidos fue excelente para el CATS-2C (eta & sup2; = .48-.58), pero limitada para la versi & oacute;n de autorreporte del cuidador (CATS-2P; eta & sup2; = .076-.119). La precisi & oacute;n diagn & oacute;stica fue de buena a excelente para la CATS-2C (AUC = .868-.947) y de pobre a aceptable para el CATS-2P (AUC = .606-.735), siendo todas las subescalas estad & iacute;sticamente significativas. Los puntos de corte & oacute;ptimos del instrumento CATS-2C frente a los diagn & oacute;sticos cl & iacute;nicos seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 fueron >= 7 para el TEPT seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 (sensibilidad = 84%, especificidad = 78%), >= 17 para el TEPT-C seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 (93%, 85%) y >= 30 para el TEPT seg & uacute;n el DSM-5 (85%, 89%). La concordancia entre el ni & ntilde;o y el cuidador fue baja (ICC = .259-.344).Conclusiones: La versi & oacute;n turca de la CATS-2C demostr & oacute; propiedades psicom & eacute;tricas s & oacute;lidas, respaldando su uso como una herramienta de tamizaje confiable en contextos de salud mental infantil y adolescente. La CATS-2P mostr & oacute; una validez estructural y una consistencia interna aceptables, pero una capacidad m & aacute;s limitada de discriminaci & oacute;n diagn & oacute;stica,Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia preliminar sobre los constructos de TEPT y TEPT-C seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 en un contexto cl & iacute;nico de un pa & iacute;s de ingresos medios y escasamente representados.
Original languageEnglish
Article number2694190
Number of pages14
JournalEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology
Volume17
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 31 Dec 2026

Keywords

  • Cats-2
  • Cross-cultural validation
  • Icd-11
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder
  • Propiedades psicom & eacute;tricas
  • Psychometric properties
  • Trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico
  • Trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico complejo
  • Validaci & oacute;n transcultural
  • complex PTSD

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