Two-Dimensional Magnesium Phosphate Nanosheets Promote Antibacterial Effects and Wound Closure

Background: NeoPhylaxis is a patented two-dimensional (2D) magnesium phosphate (MgP) hydrogel, initially approved in 2023 for dental applications such as implant decontamination, it has demonstrated strong safety and efficacy. This study explores its repurposing for antimicrobial and wound healing applications. Aim: To synthesize, characterize, and investigate the antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and wound-healing potential of MgP hydrogel. Methods: The MgP hydrogel was synthesized via controlled crystallization of a sodium magnesium-phosphate system. Its structural and compositional properties were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated in vitro, while biocompatibility and wound healing efficacy were assessed in vivo using BALB/c mouse model. Mechanistic insights into the hydrogel’s antibacterial properties were further investigated via SEM and TEM. Results: MgP hydrogels exhibited a dose-dependent antibacterial effect, reducing S. aureus by at least 10-fold and E. coli by over 20-fold compared to controls. SEM and TEM analyses revealed extensive bacterial cell damage, including membrane deformation and compromised cell wall integrity. Treated mice displayed no signs of irritation, erythema, or edema post hydrogel treatment. Wound closure was significantly enhanced in MgP-treated mice, reaching 46% by Day 5 vs 37% in controls (p =0.008). Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of 2D MgP nanosheets as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for antimicrobial and wound healing applications.