Revolutionizing Low-Latency Satellite Networks: Harnessing Optical Hard Limiter Technology for Next-Gen Inter-Satellite Links

This paper investigates the application of Optical Hard Limiter (OHL) technology in inter-satellite communication networks to address the challenges of latency reduction and computational efficiency. By eliminating optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical conversions, OHL relays simplify system design while significantly reducing delay, making them a promising candidate for next-generation satellite networks where latency is critical. The study develops analytical models for the end-to-end performance of OHL systems and compares them with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relays. Simulations demonstrate that OHL relays can achieve competitive performance with optimal threshold selection, even outperforming AF relays in certain scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of varying channel conditions, such as link length and tracking system accuracy, on the optimal decision threshold is analyzed. Results highlight the need for dynamic threshold adaptation to improve system robustness in real-world inter-satellite environments. Future directions include developing multi-threshold OHL systems, optimizing key link parameters like beam divergence, and evaluating end-to-end delay in realistic multi-relay LEO constellations. This work establishes a foundation for leveraging OHL technology to enhance the efficiency and reliability of nextgeneration satellite communication networks.