POE-Mediated Tunable Quantum Yield of Carbon Dots−Derived From Agapanthus Africanus (L.) Hoffmann Leaves

The green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from natural sources is a challenging goal. Herein CDs are produced from Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmann leaves by carbonization at 200/300 degrees C for 2/3 h. Samples are named CZ-X-Y, where Z, X, and Y represent carbonization, temperature, and time, respectively. CZ-200-3, CZ-300-2, and CZ-300-3 CDs have average sizes of 3.7 +/- 0.7, 5.3 +/- 1.2, and 5.1 +/- 1.6 nm, respectively. Their surface, devoid of chlorophyll, contains & horbar;OH, & horbar;C & boxH;O, and & horbar;C(& boxH;O)OH groups and sylvite. Isolated CZ-300-3 emits at 400 nm (excited at 260 nm) and exhibits an emission quantum yield (QY) value of 2 +/- 1%. Embedding in the d-U(600)/d-(900) di-ureasil matrices resulted in transparent films with emission intensity maxima at 420/450 nm (360 nm), and QY values of 7 +/- 1/16 +/- 2% (400 nm). The enhancement of the QY value of the bare CDs agrees with an efficient passivation provided by the hybrid host. The hydrophilic CZ-300-3 CDs also exerted a marked surface modifying role, changing the surface roughness and the wettability of the hybrid films.