Photoelectrochemical energy conversion

In this contribution, photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion processes, systems and applications are introduced with details ranging from basics to advanced analyses. PEC water splitting and PEC measurements are specifically described with some fundamental background information. The theory behind the PEC measurements is extensively presented for evaluation and comparison purposes. The types of materials used in PEC hydrogen production reactors, such as membranes and photoelectrodes, are described and classified based on various criteria. The recent advancements in photoelectrode architectures, tandem electrode designs, nano-structuring, and surface coating techniques aimed at enhancing the efficiency and stability of electrodes are briefly overviewed. Furthermore, two case studies are presented where one case study focuses on the analysis and performance assessment of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for a PEC hydrogen production cell, while the second case study explores photonic hydrogen production through a photoactive coating on a titanium electrode.