Optimal Synchronization Scheme of Grid-forming Inverters at Multiple Point of Coupling in Reconfiguring Grid

Synchronization of network of grid forming inverters (GFMIs) is a major concern in upcoming power grids dominated with distributed generators (DGs). After the blackout or severe contingencies, GFMIs are responsible for restoring the grid. However, synchronizing this high number of GFMIs is intricate and time-consuming. This paper proposes a control scheme to minimize synchronization time of multiple GFMIs based on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) as their primary controller. A network of GFMIs in a feeder are considered as test case. The control loop of GFMIs includes two main modules: (i) a primary controller based on model predictive controlled VSG, and (ii) the proposed optimal synchronization module that determines an optimal angle with which all the GFMIs should be synchronized. The proposed optimal synchronization scheme is compared with state-of-the-art synchronization mechanisms for network of GFMIs. The proposed scheme is validated via several case studies for a network of GFMIs in a three-phase feeder. Furthermore, the provided case studies and comparison with state-of-the-art approach demonstrate significant improvement in synchronization time of GFMIs.