Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

CMS Collaboration

doi:10.1103/89sf-9t1x

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

CMS Collaboration

A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics
Yerevan State University
Austrian Academy of Sciences
TU Wien
University of Antwerp
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Ghent University
Université libre de Bruxelles
Texas A&M University
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Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
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Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
Universidad de Tarapacá
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria
Beihang University
Tsinghua University
CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peking University
South China Normal University
Sun Yat-Sen University
University of Science and Technology of China
Nanjing Normal University
Zhengzhou University
Henan Normal University
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
University of Iowa
Fudan University
Zhejiang University
Universidad de los Andes Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia
University of Split
Ruder Boskovic Institute
University of Cyprus
Charles University
Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
Suez University
The British University in Egypt
Cairo University
Al-Fayoum University
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
Tallinn University of Technology
University of Helsinki
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Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology
Université Paris-Saclay
Purdue University
IN2P3-CNRS
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Georgian Technical University
Ilia State University
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RWTH Aachen University
German Electron Synchrotron
University of Hamburg
University of Wuppertal
Brandenburg University of Technology
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Institute for Nuclear Research
Babes-Bolyai University
Eötvös Loránd University
Assiut University
University of Debrecen
Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences
University of Kansas
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
Isfahan University of Technology
Sharif University of Technology
Institute for Research for Fundamental Sciences
University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran
Arak University
University College Dublin
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of Bari
Polytechnic University of Bari
Helwan University
University of Bologna
Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile
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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

Original language	English
Article number	162301
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	136
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/89sf-9t1x
Publication status	Published - 24 Apr 2026

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10.1103/89sf-9t1x

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@article{9384f1b4aeaf41ec93ea774088b9ddce,

title = "Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions",

abstract = "A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.",

author = "\{CMS Collaboration\} and A. Hayrapetyan and V. Makarenko and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and L. Benato and T. Bergauer and M. Dragicevic and C. Giordano and Hussain, \{P. S.\} and M. Jeitler and N. Krammer and A. Li and D. Liko and M. Matthewman and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and M. Shooshtari and M. Sonawane and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, \{C. E.\} and T. Janssen and H. Kwon and \{Ocampo Henao\}, D. and \{Van Laer\}, T. and \{Van Mechelen\}, P. and J. Bierkens and N. Breugelmans and J. D{\textquoteright}Hondt and S. Dansana and \{De Moor\}, A. and M. Delcourt and F. Heyen and Y. Hong and P. Kashko and S. Lowette and I. Makarenko and D. M{\"u}ller and J. Song and S. Tavernier and M. Tytgat and \{Van Onsem\}, \{G. P.\} and \{Van Putte\}, S. and D. Vannerom and B. Bilin and B. Clerbaux and Das, \{A. K.\} and \{De Bruyn\}, I. and \{De Lentdecker\}, G. and H. Evard and O. Bouhali",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.",

year = "2026",

month = apr,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1103/89sf-9t1x",

language = "English",

volume = "136",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "16",

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T1 - Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

AU - CMS Collaboration

AU - Hayrapetyan, A.

AU - Makarenko, V.

AU - Tumasyan, A.

AU - Adam, W.

AU - Benato, L.

AU - Bergauer, T.

AU - Dragicevic, M.

AU - Giordano, C.

AU - Hussain, P. S.

AU - Jeitler, M.

AU - Krammer, N.

AU - Li, A.

AU - Liko, D.

AU - Matthewman, M.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schöfbeck, R.

AU - Shooshtari, M.

AU - Sonawane, M.

AU - Waltenberger, W.

AU - Wulz, C. E.

AU - Janssen, T.

AU - Kwon, H.

AU - Ocampo Henao, D.

AU - Van Laer, T.

AU - Van Mechelen, P.

AU - Bierkens, J.

AU - Breugelmans, N.

AU - D’Hondt, J.

AU - Dansana, S.

AU - De Moor, A.

AU - Delcourt, M.

AU - Heyen, F.

AU - Hong, Y.

AU - Kashko, P.

AU - Lowette, S.

AU - Makarenko, I.

AU - Müller, D.

AU - Song, J.

AU - Tavernier, S.

AU - Tytgat, M.

AU - Van Onsem, G. P.

AU - Van Putte, S.

AU - Vannerom, D.

AU - Bilin, B.

AU - Clerbaux, B.

AU - Das, A. K.

AU - De Bruyn, I.

AU - De Lentdecker, G.

AU - Evard, H.

AU - Bouhali, O.

PY - 2026/4/24

Y1 - 2026/4/24

N2 - A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

AB - A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037439332

U2 - 10.1103/89sf-9t1x

DO - 10.1103/89sf-9t1x

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105037439332

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 136

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 16

M1 - 162301

ER -

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

Abstract

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