Metaheuristic Optimization-Based Sliding Mode Control With Modified Perturb and Observe for Controlling MPPT of a PV Interfaced Grid Connected System

Energy is always needed more and more as civilization advances. Since the supply of traditional fuels is gradually depleting, renewable energy sources are essential for meeting energy needs. The goal of the research is to maximize the electricity that can be produced from renewable resources. Solar energy performed better than any resource regarding efficiency, cleanliness, and pollution-free nature. However, the primary drawback of the resource is its erratic nature. The system must integrate the maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) method to overcome intermittency and produce continuous optimal power. The novelty of this article is the development of a sliding mode MPPT controller for photovoltaic (PV) systems working in sunny and shaded. Also, this article introduces the meta-heuristic algorithm mountain gazelle optimization (MGO), which is incorporated to optimize the parameters of the sliding mode controller (SMC) to ensure the solar PV (SPV) MPP extraction. The stability of the mentioned control topology is assessed in terms of error parameters. The modified perturb and observe (MPb&O) method is incorporated with MGO, called (MGO-MPb&O) for performing a better tracking ability and to overcome the inability of conventional Pb&O tracking during the shaded conditions. The suggested approach looks for every maximum point across a lengthy number of cycles to find the global maximum point after introducing (MGO-MPb&O), and the results of the MATLAB/Simulink show that the algorithm performs well under the arbitrary changes of the physical parameters of the proposed system and ambient scenario. Also, the proposed hybrid (MGO-MPb&O) is compared with two other hybrid control topologies that are (PSO-MPb&O) and (cuckoo search algorithm [CSA]-MPb&O) in terms of maximum power extracted, efficiency, and convergence time of the objective function. Results depict that the proposed algorithm outperforms in every aspect and also justify the robustness of SMC. The proposed algorithm was also tested in various shading fashion (SF) in partial shading conditions for analyzing the transient response. These two performance figures for various transition instances demonstrate that the suggested MPPT algorithm can determine the global MPP for the new shading pattern (SP) when it shifts from a uniform state to a partially shaded condition at 4s (middle of the x-axis).