Measuring solid cuttings transport in Newtonian fluid across horizontal annulus using electrical resistance tomography (ERT)

The in-situ visualization of flow in the opaque pipes and annulus is a major cause of concern for studying hole cleaning issues and multiphase flow patterns in the oil and gas industry. Electrical resistance tomography is one of the latest non-intrusive technologies, which can provide real-time cross-sectional images of multiphase flow patterns in opaque pipes and annulus. Most studies conducted using the ERT system in the area of multi-phase flow is limited to opaque pipes and two-phase systems. Therefore, in this work is the suitability of the ERT technology has been tested to examine the three-phase flow (air-liquid-solid) and solids cuttings transport in a horizontal flow loop annulus system at wide operating conditions. The effect of different eccentricities (0–50%), inner pipe rotation speed (0–120 RPM), liquid flow rates (164–373 kg/min) and air input pressure (0–0.8 bar) on solids concentration in the specified ERT zone was examined using ERT concentration tomograms.