Machine Learning based Model Reveals the Metabolites Involved in Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, advances in early identification and individualized treatment plans are crucial. Methods: This article presents machine learning (ML) based model that can recognize metabolomic compounds associated with CAD in the Qatari population for the early detection of CAD. We also identified statistically significant metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers using ML methods. Results: Among all ML models, artificial neural network (ANN) outstands all with an accuracy of 91.67%, recall of 80.0%, and specificity of 100%. The results show that 173 metabolites (P < .05) are significantly associated with CAD. Of these metabolites, the majority (95/173, 54.91%) were high in CAD patients, while 45.09% (78/173) were high in the control group. Two metabolites 2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate) and salicylate were notably higher in CAD patients compared to the control group. Conversely, 4 metabolites, cholate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), 4-allyl catechol sulfate, and indolepropionate, showed relatively higher level in the control group. Conclusion: We believe our study will support in advancing personalized diagnosis plan for CAD patients by considering the metabolites involved in CAD.