Institutionalization of evaluation in the MENA region: theoretical background, analytical framework, methods, and context

The Introduction section establishes the theoretical, analytical, and methodological frameworks of the study. Drawing on systems theory and institutional theory, this study explores how evaluation practices evolve within the MENA region's unique governance context. This chapter defines policy evaluation as a systematic process that integrates knowledge generation, learning, accountability, and legitimacy goals. These objectives are examined through the lens of centralized governance structures, focusing on how technocratic and democratic logics shape evaluation practices. Employing Stockmann's three subsystems—political, social, and professionalization—this chapter lays the foundation for understanding the institutionalization process in the region. Methodologically, this chapter adapts Stockmann's mixed-methods framework to address MENA-specific challenges, including limited evaluation expertise and constrained civil society participation (Allender et al., 2019). This chapter underscores the significance of embedding evaluation systems in governance frameworks while addressing the interplay between local traditions and international standards.