Influence of Silica Nanoparticle Characteristics on CO₂ Foam Stabilization in Seawater: Insights into Bubble Dynamics and Stabilizer Optimization

This study investigates the effect of silica nanoparticles with different functional groups and sizes on CO₂ foam stabilization in synthetic seawater by analyzing both bulk-scale and bubble-scale behavior. The primary objective is to evaluate the surface characteristics of silica nanoparticles that influence CO₂ foam stability, liquid drainage, and dynamic bubble behavior, with the aim of optimizing their role as foam stabilizers. To achieve this, the study examines nano-silica particles of two size ranges (10-20 nm and 20-60 nm) with either hydroxyl or silane-modified surfaces. Experimental analyses include foam half-life measurements, liquid drainage tests, and dynamic bubble behavior assessments. Findings reveal that silane-modified silica nanoparticles significantly enhance foam stability compared to hydroxyl-functionalized nanoparticles. The highest foam stability and structural integrity were achieved at relatively low nanoparticle concentrations, with silane-modified silica exhibiting superior performance in reducing liquid drainage and maintaining a uniform bubble structure. These results highlight the potential of surface-modified silica nanoparticles as effective foam stabilizers, providing insights into optimizing formulations for applications requiring stable CO₂ foams in saline environments.