Global, Regional, and National Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Exploring the Interplay Within the MENA Region

Although there has been increased attention around entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs), much of the discourse remains conceptually focused, with limited empirical exploration, particularly in resource-constrained and emerging economies such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This edited volume examines the interplay of MENA's global, regional, and national EEs, addressing literature gaps and offering nuanced insights into their operation across diverse socio-economic contexts. By exploring the structural, cultural, and policy dimensions of EEs, the book highlights their critical elements, ranging from institutional support to individual perceptions of opportunities and barriers. It delves into the multi-level dynamics that shape entrepreneurial activities, emphasizing the importance of micro-level strategies and meso-level interactions often overlooked in traditional macro-level analyses. The chapters collectively underscore the role of local configurations, diaspora connections, and sectoral intersections in driving entrepreneurial innovation while acknowledging the region's unique challenges, such as resource dependency, regulatory hurdles, and socio-cultural constraints. Contributions include empirical studies and theoretical advancements on themes such as venture capital development in Saudi Arabia, women's entrepreneurship in the Gulf, and the integration of micro-entrepreneurship education in MENA. By leveraging diverse methodologies and frameworks, the book highlights on how tailored strategies can enhance the effectiveness of EEs in transitioning toward knowledge-based economies and fostering sustainable development. This volume is an essential resource for policymakers, academics, and practitioners seeking to understand and contribute to the evolution of EEs in the MENA. It offers actionable insights to design more inclusive, context-sensitive ecosystems that nurture innovation and resilience in a rapidly changing global economy.