Fiqh Al-ʻumrān Al-Maqāṣidī: Towards a Visionary Framework for Sustainable and Humane Civilizational Development in Light of Islamic Sharīʻah

This study aims to highlight "Maqṣad al-ʻUmrān" (the higher, comprehensive
objective of civilizational development and righteous construction) as a
significant, foundational, and overarching objective within Islamic Sharīʻah.
This concept transcends mere physical construction to encompass holistic
civilizational development, earthly flourishing, and the fulfilment of human
vicegerency (khilāfah). The research analyzes the profound jurisprudential
(fiqhī) and Maqāṣid-based foundations and regulations governing the built
environment within the rich framework of Islamic jurisprudence. Adopting a
descriptive-analytical methodology to elucidate concepts and an inductive
methodology to meticulously trace original Sharīʻah texts (Qur’an and
Sunnah) and the opinions of esteemed jurists, the study focuses on inferring
the underlying ratio legis (ʻilal) and objectives (maqāṣid). The findings
conclusively determine that Islamic Sharīʻah, as a comprehensive way of life,
accords exceptional attention to regulating urban development to achieve
the recognized welfare (maṣlaḥah) of humanity. This extends beyond the five
necessities (al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khams: preservation of religion, life, intellect,
progeny, and property) to encompass essential needs (ḥājiyyāt) and desirable
perfections (taḥsīniyyāt), positioning "righteous ʻUmrān" as a primary means
to achieve these objectives collectively. This Maqāṣidī vision is manifested in
an integrated legal system governing human-environment interaction,
meticulously observing neighborhood rights, emphasizing harm prevention
(ḍarar), ensuring privacy (ḥifẓ al-ʻirḍ), and mandating quality construction for
safety and sustainability (ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-māl). The study concludes by
emphasizing the paramount importance of deriving inspiration from these
original Maqāṣid-based regulations and activating them in contemporary
urban planning to address multifaceted challenges and achieve sustainable
civilizational development congruent with Islamic values.