Discrete fracture modeling by integrating image logs, seismic attributes, and production data: a case study from Ilam and Sarvak Formations, Danan Oilfield, southwest of Iran

Understanding the fracture patterns of hydrocarbon reservoirs is vital in the Zagros area of southwest of Iran as they are strongly affected by the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates. It is essential to evaluate both primary and secondary (fracture) porosity and permeability to understand the fluid dynamics of the reservoirs. In this study, we adopted an integrated workflow to assess the influence of various fracture sets on the heterogeneous carbonate reservoir rocks of the Cenomanian–Santonian Bangestan group, including Ilam and upper Sarvak Formations. For this purpose, a combination of field data was used including seismic data, core data, open-hole well-logs, petrophysical interpretations, and reservoir dynamic data. FMI interpretation revealed that a substantial amount of secondary porosity exists in the Ilam and Sarvak Formations. The upper interval of Sarvak 1-2 (3491 m to 3510 m), Sarvak 1-3 (3530 m to 3550 m), and the base of Sarvak 2-1 are the most fractured intervals in the formation. The dominant stress regime in the study area is a combination of compressional and strike-slip system featuring reverse faults with a NW–SE orientation. From the depositional setting point of view, mid-ramp and inner-ramp show a higher concentration of fractures compared to open marine environment. Fracture permeability was modeled iteratively to establish a realistic match with production log data. The results indicate that secondary permeability has a significant influence on the productivity of wells in the study area.