Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles: How to Use Blockchain to Secure Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication and Payment?

As the Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving, one of its rapidly developing components is the transformation of standard Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Due to the exceptional progress in computation and communication technologies, the IoV has attracted the attention of researchers and commercial companies. Nevertheless, the primary issue regarding the IoV, and in particular to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), is establishing secure and instant payments and communications. To respond to this challenge, this work proposes a Blockchain-based solution for establishing secure payment and communication (PSEV) in order to study the use of Blockchain as middle-ware between different participants of intelligent transportation systems. The proposed framework employs Ethereum to develop a solution aimed at facilitating Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications and parking payments. Moreover, the solution includes Android auto and application modules for automating the communication process. It was experimentally tested to assess its computational costs, communication expenses and the real-time aspect (RTA). The results of computational tests revealed that the developed solution is faster and more scalable than the existing solutions.