Biobased nanomaterials for sustainable resource development: A green nanotechnology perspective

Biobased nanomaterials (BNMs), synthesized from renewable biological sources such as plants, microorganisms, and agricultural residues, have gained significant attention as sustainable alternatives to conventional nanomaterials. Their inherent properties—biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functional versatility—make them ideal candidates for diverse applications. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of BNMs, emphasizing their physicochemical characteristics and their transformative role in resource development across critical sectors, including energy, water, agriculture, biomedicine, and environmental management. BNMs contribute to improved process efficiency, reduced ecological footprints, and the advancement of green technologies. The chapter also explores current challenges such as scalability, regulatory constraints, and material stability, while highlighting future research directions and emerging opportunities. Ultimately, BNMs represent a pivotal innovation in sustainable resource management and the transition toward a circular economy.