Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes

Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman; Vladimir L. Katanaev

doi:10.3390/antiox14091142

Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes

Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
, Vladimir L. Katanaev^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Geneva

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Cellular redox pathways are critical regulators of various biological processes, including the intricate modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review explores how major redox enzymes—such as catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins—interact with key cellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, mTORC1/AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Hedgehog, Notch, and GPCR signaling. By investigating mechanisms such as ROS-mediated activation, cysteine oxidation, spatial enzyme localization, and phosphatase regulation, we demonstrate the extensive influence of redox balance on cellular signaling dynamics. Understanding these redox-dependent interactions provides insights into pathophysiological conditions ranging from cancer to fibrosis, offering novel therapeutic opportunities.

Original language	English
Article number	1142
Journal	Antioxidants
Volume	14
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14091142
Publication status	Published - Sept 2025

Keywords

disease mechanisms
oxidative stress
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
redox signaling
signaling pathways

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@article{ba503d4538774492b4e4cb405a396edd,

title = "Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes",

abstract = "Cellular redox pathways are critical regulators of various biological processes, including the intricate modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review explores how major redox enzymes—such as catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins—interact with key cellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, mTORC1/AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Hedgehog, Notch, and GPCR signaling. By investigating mechanisms such as ROS-mediated activation, cysteine oxidation, spatial enzyme localization, and phosphatase regulation, we demonstrate the extensive influence of redox balance on cellular signaling dynamics. Understanding these redox-dependent interactions provides insights into pathophysiological conditions ranging from cancer to fibrosis, offering novel therapeutic opportunities.",

keywords = "disease mechanisms, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), redox signaling, signaling pathways",

author = "\{Alhaj Sulaiman\}, Abdallah and Katanaev, \{Vladimir L.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 by the authors.",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

doi = "10.3390/antiox14091142",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "Antioxidants",

issn = "2076-3921",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "9",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Beyond Antioxidants

T2 - How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes

AU - Alhaj Sulaiman, Abdallah

AU - Katanaev, Vladimir L.

PY - 2025/9

Y1 - 2025/9

N2 - Cellular redox pathways are critical regulators of various biological processes, including the intricate modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review explores how major redox enzymes—such as catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins—interact with key cellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, mTORC1/AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Hedgehog, Notch, and GPCR signaling. By investigating mechanisms such as ROS-mediated activation, cysteine oxidation, spatial enzyme localization, and phosphatase regulation, we demonstrate the extensive influence of redox balance on cellular signaling dynamics. Understanding these redox-dependent interactions provides insights into pathophysiological conditions ranging from cancer to fibrosis, offering novel therapeutic opportunities.

AB - Cellular redox pathways are critical regulators of various biological processes, including the intricate modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review explores how major redox enzymes—such as catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins—interact with key cellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, mTORC1/AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Hedgehog, Notch, and GPCR signaling. By investigating mechanisms such as ROS-mediated activation, cysteine oxidation, spatial enzyme localization, and phosphatase regulation, we demonstrate the extensive influence of redox balance on cellular signaling dynamics. Understanding these redox-dependent interactions provides insights into pathophysiological conditions ranging from cancer to fibrosis, offering novel therapeutic opportunities.

KW - disease mechanisms

KW - oxidative stress

KW - reactive oxygen species (ROS)

KW - redox signaling

KW - signaling pathways

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017445909

U2 - 10.3390/antiox14091142

DO - 10.3390/antiox14091142

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:105017445909

SN - 2076-3921

VL - 14

JO - Antioxidants

JF - Antioxidants

IS - 9

M1 - 1142

ER -

Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes

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