An Advanced Comprehensive Model for Plasmon-Enhanced Schottky Solar Cells Incorporating Thermal Effects

This study introduces a comprehensive model for plasmonic Schottky solar cells (PSSCs) that integrates optical, thermal, and electrical effects. Using a multiphysics approach, it examines the impact of different nanoparticle (NP) sizes and arrangements on the optical properties, power conversion efficiency, and energy output of these solar cells. The analysis focuses on NP radii ranging from 10 nm to 150 nm in 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7 configurations. A new energy yield model is developed for PSSCs with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on silicon absorbers, combining optical, electrical, and thermal effects to predict global energy yield distribution. The total spectral heat absorption was analyzed within the 300 nm to 1200 nm range, distinguishing between heat generation in the nanoparticles and thermalization effects in the silicon absorber. Results indicate that a 5x5 NP array with a 70 nm radius significantly enhances electrical performance, increasing the short circuit current density (J_sc) to 11.54 mA/cm²—47% higher than traditional 2 μm thick bare silicon Schottky cells. However, this improvement comes with a substantial rise in heat generation, with NP-induced thermal gains reaching 182.5% compared to uncoated silicon cells. To maintain efficiency and prevent overheating, effective thermal management strategies are crucial. The model’s predictions highlight potential energy yield improvements of up to 80 kWh/m² annually, particularly in sunny regions. The model's predictions were further validated through energy yield maps, which demonstrated significant improvements, particularly in sunny regions, with potential annual energy gains of up to 80 kWh/m².