AI-Powered Mixed Reality for Reviving Al-Khwarizmi’s Heritage in Inclusive Education: A Digital Twin Approach

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi’s algorithms, the bedrock of modern computation, inspire this AI-powered Mixed Reality (MR) framework, augmented by Digital Twin technology, to transform Islamic heritage education into a dynamic, inclusive resource (Elamin 2024b). Rejecting elitist preservation models, it aims to universalize access for visually impaired learners, rural students, and diasporic communities, dismantling barriers of cultural exclusion and the digital divide (UNESCO 2023). By synthesising secondary research, XR advancements, and prior AI work (Elamin 2022), the framework integrates AI’s adaptive personalisation, MR’s immersive interactivity, and Digital Twins’ precise simulations to recreate the House of Wisdom. Learners engage with algebraic models, navigate virtual Baghdad via haptic interfaces, and reclaim their intellectual heritage (Radianti et al. 2020). Expected outcomes, supported by XR trends, include a 20–35% increase in educational engagement, offering a scalable, equitable solution for 2025 (Nguyen & Tran 2023). Rooted in the Abbasid era’s interdisciplinary ethos, this initiative interrogates governance: who controls these tools, and whose narratives prevail? Decentralized control counters techno-colonialism, prioritising authentic, non-Western voices over Eurocentric dominance (Crawford 2021). By spotlighting Al-Khwarizmi’s legacy, it challenges Western scientific narratives, affirming his relevance in today’s digital landscape (Saliba 2007). This study is not nostalgic—it delivers a piercing critique of power, access, and equity, reimagining education as a tool to mend global divides. Reviving Al-Khwarizmi’s spirit, it asserts heritage as a collective right, fostering a just, inclusive world through algorithmic innovation.