A State-of-the-Art Review and Framework for Human-Centric Automation in Industry 5.0

As we go beyond the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), the point where industry and human participation meet becomes a matter of philosophical debate. What is the rationale for developing a substitute for human effort? The expected substitution of several work positions sparks debate on society’s ability to adjust to this technology-driven change, necessitating a comprehensive investigation. The primary research question in this work addresses how Industry 5.0 (I5.0) can enhance human-machine collaboration to improve operational efficiency and worker satisfaction. The methodology employed in this work involves a systematic review of relevant literature, focusing on two particular aspects of human-centric manufacturing: the symbiotic relationship between humans and automation and the identification of the capabilities that automation can enhance in worker skills amidst the myriad challenges of digital governance. To address these challenges—such as job displacement, skill gaps, and ethical concerns in automation—the Enhanced Human-Automation Symbiosis (EHAS) framework is proposed. This framework aims to balance technological advancements with human needs by enhancing our understanding of the complex dynamics between human capacities and automation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and outline our proposed framework, discussing future research directions, developmental prospects, and practical implementation issues.