من تصنيف الأديان إلى التجربة الدينية‎: د راسة في جهود محمد خليفة حسن في درس الظاهرة الدينية

This paper examines the efforts of Dr. Muhammad Khalifa Hassan in studying the religious phenomenon, using the classification of religions and the religious experience. To achieve its objectives, this paper undertakes content analysis relying on his relevant books. The finds that Dr. Muhammad Khalifa Hassan had set the classification of religions as a necessary methodological condition for the study of religious experience. He applied this methodological condition in his study of the religious experience in Islam. He was of the view that Islam has not been studied objectively by students of religions, because of the Orientalist backgrounds, which dominated the field of the history of religions in the modern era. The study also found that using the classification of religions, as a condition of the study of religious phenomena was one of his innovations. Therefore, he is a pioneer in relying on the hadith of Gabriel to study the religious experience in Islam. Thus, he was able to derive the three stages of Islam Iman and Ihsan, and their interrelationship. Abstract This paper sought to examine the scientific effort carried out by Dr. Muhammad Khalifa Hassan in the study of the religious phenomenon, relying on the classification of religions, and supplementing it with the study of religious experience, using the method of analyzing the contents of the texts of Muhammad Khalifa Hassan's books related to the subject of the research. The study concluded that Dr. Muhammad Khalifa Hassan has set the classification of religions as a necessary methodological condition for the study of religious experience. He applied this methodological condition in his study of the religious experience in Islam. In particular, Islam has not been objectively studied by scholars of religions, due to the Orientalist backgrounds and religious controls, which dominated the field of the history of religions in the modern era. The study also concluded that one of Dr. Muhammad Khalifa Hassan's innovations in the field of studying religious phenomena is to make the classification of religions a necessary introduction and a methodological condition for the study of religious experience. He was creative in the study of religious experience in Islam, by looking at the hadith of Jibril (peace be upon him) and deducing three stages of it, and from those stages between the characteristics of each stage separately, and the interdependence between those stages. Keywords Classification of religions; Mohammed Khalifa Hassan; Religious experience; Stages of the experiment; Characteristics of the experiment.