Non-Flammable Aqueous Zinc Batteries for Integrated Power Management in Autonomous and Manned Vehicles

The urgent need for economical and sustainable energy storage devices in a world transitioning to efficient and renewable sources has led to the emergence of ion batteries as a leading technology. Among them, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have the potential to revolutionize energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and scalability. The market for ZIBs has witnessed remarkable growth, with a current value of $9.2 billion and a projected CAGR of 3.2% from 2022 to 2030. By 2030, the global market is expected to reach a substantial value of $13.3 billion (Custom Market Insights, 2022). Our mission is to make significant advancements in the design and synthesis of ZIB anode materials, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the performance and longevity of ZIBs. We aim to advance the following scientific objectives: develop the synthetic and processing procedures to coat zinc metal with microporous and mesoporous graphitic carbon thin films; establish the direct synthesis of Zn@PGC hybrid materials for ZIB anodes using bottom-up synthetic approaches; to investigate the performance of anode materials and map molecular structure to 3D electrode morphology through operando videomicroscopy and machine learning. Our approach will involve extensive experimental investigations, computational modelling, and advanced characterization techniques to gain insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying ZIB performance and to guide the design of improved anode materials. By achieving the objectives, we can unlock the full potential of ZIBs as a safe and reliable energy storage solution, maximizing their potential for various applications, such as renewable energy integration, electric vehicles, and grid-level storage. The unique characteristics of ZIBs make them particularly well-suited for deployment in Qatar's challenging environment, characterized by a hot desert climate and maritime surroundings. Compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, ZIBs offer enhanced safety and high discharge rates, making them a safer alternative for critical operations that require large-format cells and for structural batteries integrated within mobile assets where the risk of fire could be catastrophic. By investing in the research, development, and implementation of ZIB technology, we anticipate generating high- value intellectual property related to innovative anode technologies. This emergent technology is projected to be instrumental in constructing high-performance, highly recyclable ZIBs, while providing Qatar a key advantage by alleviating reliance on critical materials supply chains. The strategic focus on ZIBs aligns with Qatar's vision to enhance sustainability, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and foster technological advancements, thus Qatar can position itself as an innovator in energy storage, contributing to global efforts in improving safety, resource efficiency, and mitigating the risks associated with critical materials supply chains. Overall, the impact of the research project extends to scientific advancement, technological development, societal benefits, and the potential for economic growth and sustainability in the energy storage sector.

Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)